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10.9.2024
Sidoströmmar från Metsä Board blir strö till djurstallar
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Målet med strukturkalkning är att långsiktigt förbättra jordstrukturen hos lerjord. När vattenupptagningsförmågan förbättras och pH-värdet stiger kan grödorna tillgodogöra sig mer av de näringsämnen som finns i marken och urlakningen minskar.
Strukturkalkning innebär att vi kalkar med en blandning av bränd kalk, kalciumoxid CaO, och släckt kalk, kalciumhydroxid Ca(OH)2. Vi på Soilfood har funnit att släckt kalk är säkrast att använda.
Strukturkalk verkar genom en kemisk reaktion mellan lerpartiklar och kalkmolekyler. Lerpartiklar är avlånga och har en negativ jonisk laddning. Om marken innehåller positivt laddade metallpartiklar, som järn, aluminium eller natrium, kommer dessa att bilda ett tätt lager på lerpartiklarnas yta.
Lerpartiklarna lägger sig då parallellt med varandra och leran blir vattenlöslig på grund av att vattnet fungerar som ett smörjmedel mellan lerpartiklarna.
Kalcium, som tillförs till jorden vid kalkning, har en starkare jonisk laddning än metaller, och kommer därför att fästa starkare på lerpartiklarna där de ersätter metalljonerna. De avlånga lerpartiklarna omstruktureras och bildar större och mer hållbara kluster.
Leran blir grynigare och det gör jorden luftigare och ger vatten en möjlighet att ta sig ned i de håligheter som bildas i och med den nya jordstrukturen. För att förändringen ska bli permanent behövs också biomassa och mikroorganismer som gör att de nya partikelklustren ”klistras” ihop på ett sätt som gör att jorden klarar bearbetning.
Strukturkalk ska spridas när det är torrt, och om möjligt myllas ned två gånger efter spridning. Gör det gärna direkt efter spridning eller i alla fall inom ett par dagar. Då får du största möjliga effekt av kalkningen.
En skivkultivator eller vanlig kultivator ger en lagom bearbetning av jorden och ser till att kalken blandas ned i jorden.
Om väderförhållandena är dåliga och marken blöt är det bättre att skjuta upp strukturkalkningen till kommande år. Visserligen stiger pH-värdet även om du kalkar en våt åker, men du får inte den effekt på jordstrukturen som du skulle fått i torrare förhållanden. Den rekommenderade mängden strukturkalk är 4–8 ton per hektar, beroende på jordens lerhalt, mullhalt och pH.
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